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]memþCucmäpt]« tdmUnsâ Ccphi§fnepambn ao\¨nemdnsâ Xoc¯v ]SÀ¶p ]´en¨p InS¡p¶ sIm¨p{Kmaw. ]¨]pX¨ s\ev]mS§Ä. ]oen¡pS NqSnb sX§n³tXm¸pIÄ. ]m¡d Npc¯p¶ dºÀtXm«§Ä. IcIsf sXm«pw XtemSnbpw Xoc§sf hmcn¸pWÀt¶ma\n¨pw HgpIp¶ ao\¨nemÀ. IÀ¡nSI¯nse Idp¯hmhn³\mÄ \oes¡mSpthen HgpIpsa¶p hnizkn¨p t]mcp¶ Cu ]pg k¼¶am¡nb ]pWy`qanbmWp `cW§m\w. kvt\lhpw kulrZhpamWv Cu \mSnsâ {]mÀ°\ma{´w. iwJp\mZhpw ]ÅnaWnIfpw tNÀs¶mcp¡p¶ km{µkwKoXamWv, {Kmahnip²n ]qhn«p \n¡p¶ `cW§m\¯nsâ DWÀ¯p]m«v. PohnXw kvt\l_enbm¡nb hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m³km½bpsS t]cnemWv C¶v `cW§m\w Adnbs¸Sp¶Xv. FÃm Zp:Jhpw DÅnsemXp¡n ]pXnb PohnXamXrI \ÂInb B Zp:J]p{XnbpsS acWt¯msSbmWv `cW§m\w Adnbs¸Sm³ XpS§nbXv. `mcX¯nse enkyphmWv AÂt^m³km½bpsS kvacWIfpd§p¶ `cW§m\w {Kmaw. IpSamfqcnse ap«p¯p]mS¯v ]nd¶v, ap«pNndbnse apcn¡³ ho«n hfÀ¶ AÂt^m³km½bpsS PohnXw, ap¸¯nbmdp hÀjw \oWvS ImÂhcnbm{XbpsS IYbmWv. Ncn{X{]kn²amb IpSamfqÀ {Kmaw. ChnSs¯ {]ikvXamb ap«¯p]mS¯p IpSpw_w. Cu IpSpw_¯n tPmk^nsâbpw `mcy ]pXp¡cn IpSpw_mwKw adnb¯nsâbpw aIfmbn 1910 HmKÌv 19 \mbncp¶p AÂt^m³km½bpsS P\\w. \mep a¡fn Cfbhfmbn ]nd¶ AhÄ¡v AhÀ A¶¡p«n F¶p t]cn«p. A¶¡p«nsb sImXnXosc ImWmt\m aXnXosc Hma\n¡mt\m IgnbmsX A½ adnbw, Ipªp ]nd¶v sXm®qdmw Znhkw Cu temIt¯mSp bm{X ]dªp. amXrktlmZcn ap«pNnd apcn¡³ IpSpw_¯nse A¶½bpsS kwc£W¯nembncp¶p A¶¡p«nbpsS ssiih\mfpIÄ. ]ns¶ ap«¯p]mS¯pw apcn¡³ ho«nepambn AhÄ _meyw ]¦n«p. HmesI«nb sIm¨phoSmbncp¶p ap«¯p]mSw XdhmSv. AXnsâ NmWIw sagpInb apdnbnembncp¶p A¶¡p«n ]nd¶phoWXv. Ad¸pctbmSp tNÀ¶v Bgtadnb InWÀ. InWdn \ndsb shÅw. InWän³Xdbn Huj[kn²nbpÅ Iqhfacw. Cu InWänse shůn\pw Iqhfac¯nsâ CeIÄ¡pw AÛpXkn²nbpsWvS¶v hnizkn¨pt]mcp¶p. A¶¡p«n ]nd¶ apdn \ne\nÀ¯ns¡mWvSp Xs¶ ]gb hoSv ]pXp¡n¸WnXncn¡p¶p. ChnsSsb¯p¶ XoÀ°mSIÀ apdn sagpIn t\À¨ \ndthäp¶p. ]gb InWdpw Iqä³ Iqhfachpw thenbpw Xdbpw sI«n kwc£n¨ncn¡p¶p. ]pXp¡nb hoSnt\mSp tNÀ¶v aTw ]WnXn«pWvSv. CXnsâ Nm¸en XoÀ°mSIÀ¡v Bcm[n¡m\pw {]mÀ°n¡m\pw kuIcysamcp¡nbncn¡p¶p. ]pXp¡nb hoSnsâ Hcp `mK¯v ayqknbw. ayqknb¯n AÂt^m³km½bpsS PohnX¯nse {][mkw`h§fpsS Iem]camb Nn{XoIcWw. AhÀ D]tbmKn¨ncp¶ I«nepw aäv D]IcW§fpw ChnsS kq£n¨n«pWvSv. ]WvSv IpS¸\IÄ \nc¶p \n¶ ]pcbnS¯n Ct¸mÄ t]cn\p am{Xw GXm\pw ]\IÄ ImWmw. ChbpsS HmeIfn Debp¶ Imänepw cm{Xnagbn Cäp hogp¶ shůpÅnIfpsS ]m«nepw Hcp ]n©pIpªnsâ Ic¨nepsWvS¶pw ImtXmÀ¯ncp¶m Ic¨n Nncnbmbpw ]ns¶ km´z\ambpw A\p`hs¸Spsa¶pw ]ga¡mcmb Ab¡mÀ ]dbp¶p.

aq¶p hbÊp apX \memw¢mkv ]qÀ¯nbmIp¶Xphsc A¶¡p«n IpSamfqcnse ap«¯p]mSw ho«nembncp¶p. s]m¶c¸«bpw shÅns¡mepkpw AWnª {Kma¯n HmSn¡fn¨pw ]mTw ]Tn¨pw IYIÄ tI«pw A¶¡p«n hfÀ¶p. IpSamfqÀ ]Ånbnembncp¶p A¶¡p«nbpsS Úm\kv\m\w. Ahsf amt½mZokm ap¡nb IÂs¯m«n AhnsS `{Zambn kq£n¨ncn¡p¶p. amt½mZokm¡Ãn\p kao]w Nphcn AÂt^m³km½ hgn e`n¨ A\p{Kl§fpsS \oWvS ]«nI. A½ hgnkw`hn¨ AÛpX§fpsS km£ys¸Sp¯epIÄ. Ggmas¯ hbÊnembncp¶p A¶¡p«nbpsS {]YZnhyImcpWykzoIcWw. cma³]nÅ Bimsâ Ifcnbn BZym£cw Ipdn¨ A¶¡p«nbpsS {]mYanIhnZym`ymkw BÀ¸q¡c sXm®³Ipgn kvIqfnembncp¶p. AhnsS kl]mTnbpw _meyImekplr¯pambncp¶ e£van¡p«nb½ C¶seIsf C¶pw \¶mbn HmÀ¡p¶p. AhcpsS a\Ên Hcp kpKÔambn AÂt^m³km½ \ndªp\n¡p¶p. ]T\¯n kaÀ°bmbncp¶p A¶¡p«n. \memw¢mkv ]qÀ¯nbm¡nbtijw XpSÀ]T\¯n\mbn Ahsf ap«pNndbnte¡p sImWvSp t]mbn. amXrktlmZcnbpw hfÀ¯½bpamb apcn¡³ A¶½bpsS \nÀ_Ô{]Imcambncp¶p AXv. kpµcnbmb A¶¡p«n Xsâ kwc£Wbnepw in£W¯nepw hfcWsa¶v A¶½bv¡p \nÀ_ÔapWvSmbncp¶p. apcn¡³`h\w Xsâ amXrktlmZcnbpsS hoSmsW¦nepw A¶¡p«n B IpSpw_¯nse HcwKambn amdpIbmbncp¶p. ]Xnaq¶p hbÊphsc ChÄ t]c½bpsS kwc£Wbn AhnsSbmWp IgnªXv.

kpµcnbmbncp¶p A¶¡p«n. Bscbpw tamln¸n¡p¶ BImc`wKn. hiyamb s]cpamähpw kwkmchpw. kpapJ\mb Hcp sNdp¸¡mcs\s¡mWvSv Ahsf hnhmlw Ign¸n¡Wsa¶mbncp¶p A¶½bpsS Bi. AXn\pÅ IW¡pIq«epIfpw Hcp¡§fpw AhÀ a\ÊpsImWvSp \S¯nbncp¶p. apcn¡³ `h\¯nsâ ssNX\yambn amdpIbmbncp¶p A¶¡p«n. FÃmhcpw Ahsf kvt\ln¨p. A½bnÃm¯Xnsâ ZpxJw Hcn¡Ât¸mepw DWvSmhmXncn¡m³ FÃmhcpw {i²n¨p. ap«pNnd Kh¬saâp kvIqfn \n¶pw Ggmw¢mkv Ignbpt¼mÄ A¶¡p«n¡v 13 hbÊv. Xs¶ hnhmlw sNbvXbbv¡m\pÅ {ia§fmWv t]c½ \S¯p¶sX¶dnªt¸mÄ AhfpsS a\ws\m´p. AhÄ Xsâ a\Ênse B{Klw t]c½tbmSpt]mepw ]dªnsænepw B{Klkm^ey¯n\mbn AhÄ {]mÀ°n¨p. I\ymkv{XobmhpI F¶Xmbncp¶p sIm¨pw \mÄ apXepÅ A¶¡p«nbpsS B{Klw. Xsâ kuµcyamWv AXn\p XSÊamhpI F¶dnªt¸mÄ AhÄ icocw s]mÅn¨p hncq]am¡m³ {ian¨p. Nmc¡q«n NmSn ImepIÄ s]mÅn¨tXmsS t]c½bpsSbpw a\Êp amdpIbmbncp¶p. A¶¡p«nbpsS B{Klw AXmsW¦n AXp Xs¶ \S¡s«sb¶v A¶½bpw \nÝbn¨p. AtXmsS A¶¡p«n¡v I\yImebPohnX¯nte¡pÅ t\Àhgn Xpd¡s¸SpIbmbncp¶p. 1927þ ]Xnt\gmas¯ hbÊn A¶¡p«n `cW§m\w ¢mcaT¯n tNÀ¶p. 1928þ aq¶p I\yIItfmsSm¸w aTw hI It¸fbn k\ymkhkv{Xw kzoIcn¨p. k\ymkhkv{XkzoIcW thfbnemWv A¶¡p«n kzbw AÂt^m³km F¶ t]cp kzoIcn¨Xv. AhÄ¡v Aán]co£IfpsS \mfpIfmbncp¶p ]n¶oSv . ]co£W§fneqsS {]tem`\§fneqsS, ]cnXymK§fneqsS k\ykPohnX¯n Aánip²n t\SpIbmbncp¶p AÂt^m³k. 1930 tabv 19þ\v `cW§m\w s^mtdm\m]Ånbn Imfmticn Pbnwkv sa{Xm\n \n¶pw AÂt^m³km k`mhkv{Xw kzoIcn¨v knÌÀ AÂt^m³kbmbn. ]nd¶\mÄ apX Xm³ Bßmhn Im¯ph¨ kz]v\w k^eamsb¦nepw At¸mtg¡pw AhÄ amdm tcmK¯n\Snabmbn¡gnªncp¶p. 1932þ hmI¡mSv kvIqÄ A²ym]nIbmbn«mbncp¶p AÂt^m³km½bpsS HutZymKnIPohnX¯n\p XpS¡w. AhnsS FÃmhÀ¡pw amXrImtbmKyamb PohnXw \bn¨ AhÀ tcmKw IeiembXns\¯pSÀ¶v Hcp hÀjs¯ A[ym]Ihr¯n¡ptijw `cW§m\w aT¯nte¡p Xs¶

aS§pIbmbncp¶p. Zp:J¯nsâbpw Aklyamb thZ\bpsSbpw AhKW\IfpsSbpw \mfpIfmbncp¶p ]n¶oSv. AÂt^m³km½ BtcmSpw ]cmXn ]dªnÃ. ]cn`hs¸«nÃ. FÃmw ssZhw Xcp¶p; Xm³ ]qÀ® a\tÊmsS kzoIcn¡p¶p F¶ `mhambncp¶p AhÄ¡v.

\oWvS ]Xn\mdp hÀjw A[nIamcmepw Adnbs¸SmsX AhÄ tcmKi¿bnembncp¶p. Hcp ]pcpjmbpkn\v kln¡mhp¶Xntesd thZ\Ifpw Zp:J§fpw DWvSmbncp¶n«pIqSn aäpÅhcpsS Zp:Jw IqSn AhÄ tNmZn¨p hm§pIbmbncp¶p. thZ\IfpsS Nqfbn Dcp¡n IdIfsªSp¯ Xsâ PohnXw kzÀ¤ob aWhmfsâ ]¡Â hn\b]qÀÆw kaÀ¸n¨v Ime¯nsâ ]n¶m¼pd§fnte¡p hnShm§pIbmbncp¶p AhÄ. 1946 Pqsse 28þ\v AÂt^m³km½ \µn]qÀÆw Cu temIt¯mSp hnS sNmÃn. AhfpsS PohnXw t]mse acWhpw A[nIamcpw AdnªnÃ. AXpsImWvSp Xs¶ `cW§m\w ]Ånbn \S¶ kwkvImc¨S§pIfn hfsc Npcp¡w BfpItf ]s¦Sp¯pÅq. IpS FSp¯Xpw iha©w t]dnbXpw I\ymkv{XoamÀ Xs¶bmbncp¶p.
Rms\mcp `mcanÃm¯ ]£nbmbncps¶¦n ]d¶p ]d¶v AXnthKw kzÀ¤IhmS¯nse¯mambncp¶psh¶v ]dbpambncp¶ AÂt^m³km½. ImÂhcnbnse Ipcnin³Nph«n Xsâ Zp:J`mcw Cd¡nh¨ kvt\lKmbnI. acn¨p I_dS§nb AhÄ HmÀ½IÄ acn¡pwapt¼ Bbnc§fpsS Bßmhnte¡v aS§nsb¯pIbmbncp¶p; A½bmbn ktlmZcnbmbn Iq«pImcnbmbn, A`bambn, Bizmkambn.

imkv{XobmSnØm\¯n sXfnbn¡s¸« AÛpX§fpsS shfn¨¯n [\ybmb AÂt^m³km½sb tPm¬t]mÄ cWvSma³ amÀ]m¸ 1986 s^{_phcn F«n\v tIm«b¯ph¨v hmgv¯s¸« hsf¶p {]Jym]n¨p. ]Xn\mbnc¡W¡n\v hnizmknIÄ X§Ä Im¯p Im¯ncp¶ B {]Jym]\¯n\v km£nIfmbn. hmgn¡s¸«hsf ]pWyhXnsb¶p hnfn¡p¶ kzÀKob aplqÀ¯¯n\mbn `mcXk` {]mÀ°n¡pIbmbncp¶p. B ]pWyZn\hpw ASp¯psImWvSncn¡p¶p.AÂt^m³km½bpsS P·wsImWvSv IpSamfqcpw _meyImePohnXwsImWvSv ap«pNndbpw PohnXhpw acWhpw hgn `cW§m\hpw ]pWykt¦X§fmbn amdnbncn¡p¶p.
]nd¶hoSpw hfÀ¶ ap«pNndbnse `h\hpw FÃmw Ncn{XkvamcIambn kwc£n¡s¸Sp¶p. ap«pNndbnse apcn¡³ `h\¯n AÂt^m³km½ Dd§nbncp¶ apdn Ct¸mÄ AįmcbmWv. AhÄ D]tbmKn¨ s]«nbpw aäv D]IcW§fpw Xncptijn¸pt]mse kq£n¡s¸Sp¶p. hmgv¯s¸«hÄ Imep s]mÅn¨ Nmc¡qSpw AhfpsS Imev]mSpIÄ ]XnªpInS¡p¶ apcn¡³ `h\¯nse apdnIfpw apähpsaÃmw XoÀ°mSIÀ BZc]qÀÆamWp t\m¡n¡mWp¶Xv.

Xm³ A[ym]nIbmbncp¶ hmI¡mSv kvIqfn AÂt^m³km½bpsS t]cn A£c¡fcn {]hÀ¯n¨phcp¶p. AÂt^m³km½ FgpXnbncp¶ cPnÌdpw _p¡pIfpw Ifcnbn `{Zambn kq£n¨ncn¡p¶p. AÂt^m³km½bpsS A[ym]\s¯¡pdn¨v A¶s¯ hnZymÀ°nIfnsemcmfmb tXmakv C¶pw HmÀ¡p¶p; BZcthmsS.. FÃmhÀjhpw Pqsse 28þ\v BNcn¨ncp¶ AÂt^m³km½bpsS NcahmÀjnIw Ahsf hmgv¯s¸«hfmbn {]Jym]n¨XpapX Xncp\mfmbn BtLmjn¡p¶p. Xncp\mÄ BtLmj§fn kw_Ôn¡m\pw A½bpsS A\p{Klw {]m]n¡m\pambn ]Xn\mbnc¡W¡n\p hnizmknIfmWv Xncp\mÄ Zn\§fn `cW§m\s¯¯p¶Xv. I_dnS¯nse¯n {]mÀ°n¨v t\À¨ImgvNIÄ kaÀ¸n¨v t\À¨s¸mXn kzoIcn¨v sXfnª a\tÊmsS aS§p¶ `àkl{k§Ä a{´n¡p¶p ""At½ \µn...''
`mcXk`mcma¯n hncnª kpIrXaecmWv hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m³km½. B kzÀ¤ob aecnsâ kpKÔw temIsa¼mSpw hym]n¨p Ignªp.

C´ybnse Gähpw henb ss{IkvXhXoÀ°mS\tI{µambn `cW§m\w amdn¡gnªp. Bbnc¡W¡n\v hnizmknIfmWv ZnhkwtXmdpw ChnsSsb¯ns¡mWvSncn¡p¶Xv. `cW§m\w ]Ånbpw A½bpsS I_dnSw ØnXnsN¿p¶ AÂt^m³km Nm¸epw hmgv¯s¸«hfpsS kvacWIfpd§p¶ ¢mcaThpw FÃmw XoÀ° kvYm\§fmWv. A½ {]mÀ°n¨ncp¶ Nm¸epw InS¶ncp¶ apdnbpw kµÀin¡m³, A½bpsS Nn{X¯n\pw HmÀ½IÄ¡pw ap¶n Hcp \nanjw kÀÆhpw ad¶p \n¡m³ hnizmknIÄ AIe§fn \n¶p t]mepw F¯ns¡mWvSncn¡p¶p. Ccp«n C¯ncn sh«¯n\mbn sagpIpXncn¯pWvSpIÄ Im¯ph¨, Aįmc Ae¦cn¡m³ hk´aecpIÄ sImcp¯ph¨ AÂt^m³km½. AkvXan¡m¯ shfn¨hpw kpKÔsamgnbm¯ A\p{Kl§fpsS hk´hpambn hnizmknIfpsS Bßmhn {]mÀ°\Ifn Pohn¡p¶p. hmgv¯s¸« AÂt^m³km½ ]pWyhXnbmbncn¡p¶p. hnip²cpsS KW¯nte¡v Ahsf t]cpsNmÃn hnfn¡p¶, AhfpsS cq]w A¯mcIfn {]XnjvTn¡s¸Sp¶ kpµcZn\w þ2008 HIvtSm_À 12. B ]pWyZn\¯n\mbn temIw Im¯ncn¡p¶p.